Every time we use an elevator, a simple question comes to mind: Is this elevator safe? Many people believe that an elevator is suspended by only one rope, making the idea of falling terrifying. However, the reality is quite different. Modern elevator systems are equipped with multiple safety devices, the most prominent of which is the "Speed Governor," which is the first line of defense in emergency situations.
What is a speed governor in elevators?
A speed governor is a mechanical device designed to monitor the speed of the cabin as it ascends or descends. Its primary function is to detect any sudden increase in speed and intervene immediately to stop the elevator and prevent any danger that might threaten the safety of passengers. According to approved international standards, such as those adopted by the Jordan Standards and Metrology Organization, a speed governor is a mandatory requirement for all elevators.
Why is a speed governor an essential component of elevator safety?
Modern elevators operate with sophisticated systems, but the speed governor remains the simple mechanical device that monitors everything. When the car exceeds the permissible speed limit, the speed governor automatically stops movement, activating the mechanical brake system that immediately stabilizes the car.
Imagine that an elevator begins to descend at excessive speed due to a system malfunction. In this case, the speed governor stops the speed pulley, which causes the brake pads to pull, bringing the elevator to a complete stop and preventing free fall. This simple yet effective system makes the idea of an elevator falling virtually impossible.
How does the speed governor work in detail?
The speed governor relies on the centrifugal principle. When the elevator is at normal speed, the metal wheel mounted on the pulley surface remains in place. However, if the speed suddenly increases, the resulting force pushes the wheel outward, activating the pulley's stop mechanism. This sudden stop pulls the rope connected to the brake system, pulling the parachute and bringing the cabin to a stop.
This intelligent design allows the speed governor to be a reliable device that operates without the need for complex electrical systems, increasing its reliability even during power outages.
Types of speed governors in elevators
1. Traditional mechanical: This is the most common type, and it depends on the centrifugal system, as we mentioned.
2. Electronic control: Combines digital sensors and mechanical system to provide higher accuracy.
3. Magnetic: Uses permanent magnets to reduce friction and increase response efficiency.
Each of these types is chosen based on the type and speed of the elevator, whether it is a regular passenger elevator or a high-speed elevator in high-rise buildings.
The importance of regular speed governor maintenance
Like any safety device, the speed governor requires regular maintenance to ensure efficient operation. Maintenance includes:
● Check the pulley and make sure it is free of dirt or cracks.
● Check the rope tension and lubricate it.
● Test the system by simulating overclocking to ensure its effectiveness.
Akhmis Elevator Company, for example, pays special attention to speed governor maintenance to ensure a safe and smooth journey for passengers, as user safety is the top priority.
Can the speed governor fail?
Although rare, the speed governor may malfunction if its maintenance is neglected for long periods, such as:
● Accumulation of dust or rust on the pulley.
● The rope is loose or damaged.
● Breakage in the centrifugal mechanism.
For this reason, global regulations require mandatory periodic check-ups.
Summary: Speed governor is the security that is not seen.
Although the speed governor operates silently and behind the scenes, it is one of the most important safety devices in any elevator. Thanks to its intelligent design and rapid intervention, it prevents disasters before they occur, giving you peace of mind on every uphill or downhill journey.
If you are a building owner or elevator maintenance supervisor, don't neglect to regularly check the speed governor, as it is the primary guarantor of passenger safety.
Read also: Types of Electric Elevator Motors: Your Guide to Understanding the Technology Behind Vertical Transportation
